This is a complex and articulated topic, that has been studied by many authors with a variety of approaches. There are no ready solutions, just a large set of techniques that can be used together when studying archaeological pottery. The most important author for quantitative studies on pottery is certainly Clive Orton.
You can find some scripts that create good-looking plots for quantitative pottery data at http://bitbucket.org/steko/pottery-ggplot2/src/
These scripts are written in the R programming language and use the ggplot2 library. They assume that data are standardized in flat tables with variables like: